{"id":1,"date":"2021-06-01T16:50:04","date_gmt":"2021-06-01T13:50:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/destekdukkan.com\/blog\/?p=1"},"modified":"2021-10-08T13:54:51","modified_gmt":"2021-10-08T10:54:51","slug":"idam-edilen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/destekdukkan.com\/blog\/idam-edilen","title":{"rendered":"\u0130dam Edilen Filozoflardan Tesellisiz Felsefeye"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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M\u00d6 350\u2019li y\u0131llarda \u201cB\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar do\u011falar\u0131 gere\u011fi bilmek isterler\u201d derken bilginlerin \u00f6\u011fretmeni Aristoteles ve nas\u0131l bildi\u011fimiz konusunda t\u00fcm felsefe tarihi boyunca ak\u0131l m\u0131, alg\u0131 m\u0131, duyu mu, sezgi mi, hat\u0131rlama m\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u00fcrerken g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz insan\u0131n\u0131n kendinden bu kadar uzakla\u015fabilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemezdi. Giderek artan teknolojik imk\u00e2nlara sahip olan yeni d\u00fcnya insan\u0131 d\u00fcnyay\u0131, evreni, h\u00fccrenin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 vs. bilim ad\u0131na anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, d\u00fcnyevi ve kapitalist hazlar\u0131n tuza\u011f\u0131nda maalesef \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc bilmeyi unuttu ve do\u011faya kar\u015f\u0131 geldi. Yeni d\u00fcnya insan\u0131 art\u0131k b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketlerin dayatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcndemle ger\u00e7ekte ne istedi\u011fini, ne oldu\u011funu bilmeden k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7izmeye, gl\u00fctensiz ekme\u011fe, o g\u00fcn mutlaka seyretmesi gereken filme, hissetmesi s\u00f6ylenen duyguya, yapmas\u0131 gereken diyetlere mahk\u00fbm oldu. Giderek mutsuzla\u015fan ve duygular\u0131n\u0131 bile tan\u0131mlayamayan, kalbi ya\u011f ba\u011flam\u0131\u015f insano\u011flu teselliyi \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131n ac\u0131kl\u0131 s\u00f6zlerinde, al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fte, anti-depresanlarda hatta vitaminlerde aramaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Toplumsal de\u011ferler yerini bireyselli\u011fe b\u0131rak\u0131rken do\u011fal olarak da filozoflar tahtlar\u0131n\u0131 gurulara, ki\u015fisel geli\u015fim uzmanlar\u0131na hatta \u00e7ok da ac\u0131 olarak tarikat \u015feyhlerine devrettiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinden dolay\u0131 idama mahk\u00fbm olan veya lin\u00e7 edilen onlarca filozoftan Sokrates, Seneca, Cicero, Boethius, Bruno, Hypatia, Thomas More gibi isimler canlar\u0131 pahas\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcler, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrd\u00fcler. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri, felsefeleri, inan\u00e7lar\u0131, inan\u00e7s\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 sadece s\u00f6zde de\u011fil \u00f6zdeydi.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u0130yi insanlara neden k\u00f6t\u00fc \u015feyler olur?\u201d sorusunu, inan\u00e7 ile akl\u0131, kader ile \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradeyi\u00a0Felsefenin Tesellisi<\/a><\/em>\u00a0adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda sorgulayan Romal\u0131 filozof Boethius, vatan haini su\u00e7lamas\u0131yla zindanda idam\u0131n\u0131 beklerken teselliyi felsefede bulmu\u015ftu. \u0130hanetle su\u00e7land\u0131, yarg\u0131lanmadan idam edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahlak felsefesinin kurucusu, s\u00fcrekli soru sorarak hakikate ula\u015fma y\u00f6ntemini bulan ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck Yunan filozofu Sokrates gen\u00e7leri k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtt\u0131\u011f\u0131, onlar\u0131n akl\u0131na sa\u00e7ma sapan \u015feyler soktu\u011fu vs. su\u00e7lamalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n \u201cKendine kar\u015f\u0131 do\u011fru ol!\u201d d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin arkas\u0131nda durdu ve felsefe u\u011fruna bald\u0131ran zehri ile can\u0131n\u0131 vermeye raz\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Astronom, matematik\u00e7i ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n elips \u015feklinde oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen kad\u0131n filozof Hypatia\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc dinsizlik ve \u015feytanl\u0131k su\u00e7undan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesine karar verildi. Deniz kabuklar\u0131yla etleri kesildi, par\u00e7alanarak lin\u00e7 edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00f6nesans felsefesini bi\u00e7imlendiren filozof, rahip, g\u00f6kbilimci Bruno sekiz y\u0131l zindanda Tanr\u0131\u2019ya sayg\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k, ahlaks\u0131zl\u0131k ve dine kar\u015f\u0131 geli\u015f su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan yarg\u0131land\u0131 ve engizisyon taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinden vazge\u00e7mesi ve din sapk\u0131n\u0131 oldu\u011funu kabul etmesi durumunda ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemelerine ra\u011fmen can\u0131 pahas\u0131na onurunu korudu. Kan\u0131 ak\u0131t\u0131lmadan eziyet edilerek \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesine karar verildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hayat\u0131 boyunca ba\u011fnazl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 duran, akl\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinin merkezine koyan stoac\u0131 filozof, devlet adam\u0131, oyun yazar\u0131 Seneca ger\u00e7ek erdemin insan\u0131n i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funu, d\u0131\u015far\u0131daki zenginli\u011fin insana mutluluk getirmeyece\u011fini savunmu\u015f, Neron\u2019a d\u00fczenlenen bir suikast giri\u015fiminden sorumlu tutularak imparatorlu\u011fun emriyle intihar ederek \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne karar verilmi\u015ftir. Sokrates gibi b\u00fct\u00fcn ya\u015fam\u0131 boyunca \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn hi\u00e7e say\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunan Seneca da idam\u0131n\u0131 metanetle kendi elleriyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Latin dilinin felsefenin dili olarak geli\u015fmesine katk\u0131da bulunan, agnostik, Romal\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck hatip, bilgin, devlet adam\u0131 ve yazar Cicero da devlet d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131 kesilerek idam edilenlerdendi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dctopya<\/a><\/em>\u00a0kitab\u0131n\u0131n yazar\u0131, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 dindar \u0130ngiliz filozofu Thomas More,\u00a0Act of Supremacy<\/em>\u2019nin Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yasalar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve parlamentonun kimseyi Kilise\u2019nin ba\u015f\u0131 olarak ilan edemeyece\u011fini s\u00f6ylemesi ile vatan hainli\u011fi su\u00e7lamas\u0131yla, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinden ve fikirlerinden dolay\u0131 kafas\u0131 kesilerek idam edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcm bu filozoflar\u0131n ortak yanlar\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri ile ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmalar\u0131 ve idamlar\u0131 ile de\u011fi\u015fim sa\u011flamalar\u0131yd\u0131. Felsefe onlar\u0131 kanatland\u0131rmad\u0131, belki u\u00e7urumdan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015fmelerini engelleyemedi ama kendinden sonra gelenleri etkiledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise durum olduk\u00e7a garip. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce su\u00e7lusu insanlar h\u00e2l\u00e2 hapisteler. Felsefe de art\u0131k teselli etmiyor. \u00d6zde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler sadece s\u00f6zde kald\u0131 ve filozoflar\u0131n s\u00f6zleri kopyala-yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r metoduyla sosyal medya payla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131nda d\u00f6nmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Konferanslarda, arkada\u015f ortamlar\u0131nda, televizyon programlar\u0131nda konuk konu\u015fmac\u0131lar\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc yine \u00f6z\u00fc, tarihi, kuram\u0131, k\u0131sacas\u0131 hi\u00e7bir \u015feyi bilmeyerek filozoflar\u0131n s\u00f6zlerini umars\u0131zca kullan\u0131yorlar. Sokrates\u2019in bir s\u00f6z\u00fc vard\u0131r, Nietzsche\u2019nin dedi\u011fi gibi, Descartes ne demi\u015fti gibi malumatfuru\u015f bir halde kullan\u0131lan felsefe b\u00f6ylelikle tesellisiz kald\u0131. Oysa felsefenin anlam\u0131 \u201cbilgiyi sevmek\u201dtir, bilgiye \u00e2\u015f\u0131k olmakt\u0131r, bilginin eksikli\u011fini duymakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nerede o eski canh\u0131ra\u015f bilgiler!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Toplumsal de\u011ferler yerini bireyselli\u011fe b\u0131rak\u0131rken do\u011fal olarak da filozoflar tahtlar\u0131n\u0131 gurulara, ki\u015fisel geli\u015fim uzmanlar\u0131na hatta \u00e7ok da ac\u0131 olarak tarikat \u015feyhlerine devrettiler…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":2176,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"single-no-sidebar.php","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[82],"tags":[132,55,131,110],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/destekdukkan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/destekdukkan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/destekdukkan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/destekdukkan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/destekdukkan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1"}],"version-history":[{"count":23,"href":"https:\/\/destekdukkan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2944,"href":"https:\/\/destekdukkan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1\/revisions\/2944"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/destekdukkan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2176"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/destekdukkan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/destekdukkan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/destekdukkan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}